Weller and his co-authors, Claire Hoch and Chieh Huang, used urban growth predictions from researchers at Yale University to map where these conflicts are likely to occur in the coming years (see above). Many of these are growing, and few have any systematic urban planning, which sets the stage for future conflicts. There are 422 cities of at least 300,000 people within the 36 biodiversity hotspots. Other maps and data visualizations look at regional and global influences that could jeopardize conservation efforts, from energy extraction to government corruption to food production for a human population that’s expected to top 10 billion by the end of the century. The atlas has detailed maps for each hotspot showing the different ecosystems within them and the threats they face from human activity such as mining, agriculture, and urbanization. (The 36th hotspot, added in 2015, has yet to be assessed.) So far that goal has been met for only 14 of 35 hotspots, according to Weller’s analysis. One of the conservation goals agreed to by 196 countries as part of the UN Convention on Biodiversity is to protect at least 17 percent of the land within these hotspots by 2020. The hotspots themselves ignore international boundaries they’re defined by scientific consensus as areas rich in plant and animal species that live nowhere else but face significant threats of extinction. The main focus of the atlas is the 36 biodiversity hotspots targeted for conservation by the United Nations. Bad urban planning decisions can increase the pressure on vulnerable ecosystems, Weller says, whereas urban planning done with conservation goals in mind is a largely untapped force for good. That makes sense in light of one of the new atlas’s major themes: that urbanization and conservation are intertwined. But he hopes it will also be a call to action for landscape architects, urban planners, and designers-professionals he believes have valuable expertise to contribute to conservation efforts. The new atlas is for anyone who’s curious about where biodiversity is under threat around the globe, Weller says. Four and a half centuries later, that’s obviously not the case. When Ortelius published his atlas, Weller notes, most of the world’s native ecosystems were still intact. “It's the end of the world where we thought nature was an infinite resource and we could exploit it without consequence,” Weller says. That world no longer exists, says Richard Weller, a landscape architect at the University of Pennsylvania and lead author of a recently released online project, “Atlas for the End of the World.” The apocalyptic-sounding title doesn’t refer to the end of the world, Weller says, but to the world as Ortelius knew it. The Age of Discovery was just kicking into high gear, and Ortelius’s artfully drawn maps showed what many Europeans must have seen as a brand-new world, full of recently discovered lands waiting to be colonized and exploited. It is one of 87 pieces that are included in the first edition of his signature work mentioned above, and is highly regarded as a groundbreaking piece of cartography from Ortelius.In 1570, the Flemish cartographer Abraham Ortelius published the first modern atlas, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum ( Theater of the World). It is significant in that it holds the distinction of being the first printed map of the southeastern portion of the Americas. La Florida Gvastecan Pervviae Avriferae Regionis Typvs is beautifully drawn and has great detail. The work pictured here is perhaps one of his most well known. Quite an accomplishment for someone with so little on their tombstone. Map making became more effective and was henceforth more efficient. His suggestions allowed the craft to flourish and grow in a more uniform manner. Up until that point there were no guidelines so map makers made maps to their own scale and had their own unique way of labeling them as well. Yet his most noteworthy contribution is that he was able to unify other cartographers around a central pattern concerning how to make world maps. He could surmise how the continents had separated from Africa and drifted to the current locations. He is also credited as the first person to come up with the theory of continental drift. It was known as Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (The First Modern World). For starters, he compiled a world atlas that was published in the1570s. While he was obviously a peaceable individual, you have to wonder how he rose to prominence? As it turns out, there are several. He was so non-assuming that his tombstone in Antwerp reads.Quietis Cultor sine bit, uxore, prole, which means, served quietly, without accusation, wife, and offspring. La Florida Gvastecan Pervviae Avriferae Regionis Typvsīorn in Antwerp Belgium in 1527, Abraham Ortelius was one of the most non-assuming influential cartographers the craft has ever seen.
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